Plant Abiotic Stress: ‘Omics’ Approach

Volume 1 • Issue 3 • 1000e108 J Plant Biochem Physiol ISSN: 2329-9029 JPBP, an open access journal Abiotic stress is the major threat towards the living world more precisely the plant kingdom whose development and productivity is negatively hampered. It is considered as the major cause behind plant damage and reduced crop yield [1]. Plants have developed several biochemical, physiological and metabolic strategies in order to combat such abiotic stresses. Often it is difficult to predict the complex signaling pathway that are activated or deactivated in response to different abiotic stresses [2]. The attempt to integrate multidimensional biological information in a network and model leads to the development of system biology. Most of the plant system biology approaches relies on four main axes, viz., genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics, which provide us with a detailed knowledge about the topology and dynamic function of a molecular system [3]. The complex molecular regulatory system involved in stress tolerance and adaptation in plants can be easily deciphered with the help of different ‘omics’ study [2]. Genomics involves study of genome; transcriptomics includes structural and functional analyses of coding and non-coding RNA or transcriptome, proteomics deals with protein and post-translational protein modification along with their regulatory pathway and metabolomics, which provide a powerful tool to analyze about various metabolites when analyzed in an integrated way can be a very powerful tool in identifying the complex network involved in stress tolerance. The advent of omics technologies led to the development of well designed experiments that provides much more deep insight about the functionality of the gene along with their effect on the phenotype in a specified biological context. Plant modifies their ‘omics’ profiles to cope with the changing environment for their survival. The main objective of this ‘omic’ approach is to find out the molecular interaction, their relationship with the signaling cascade and to process the information which in turn connects specific signals with specific molecular responses. Thus Linus Pauling rightly said that “Life is a relationship among molecule and not a property of any molecule”.